Fast Fact and Concept #140 - Medicare Hospice Benefit: Levels of Hospice Care

Author: Tara C. Friedman, MD

In the United States, modern hospice care is guided by the Medicare Hospice Benefit (MHB), which pays for 80% of all hospice care. Because more than 95% of hospice care is in the form of routine home care, clinicians may not be aware that the MHB specifies four different levels of hospice services to meet the diverse needs of dying patients and their family.

1. Routine Home Care

• The most common type of hospice services in the United States.
• Hospice interdisciplinary team provides core services (see Fast Fact #82) in the patient’s home.
• The patient’s home may be a private home, an assisted living facility, a boarding home, or a long-term care facility – wherever the patient lives.

2. Respite Care

• Respite care is short-term inpatient care to relieve the family/primary caregiver. Caregivers often schedule respite in order to travel or tend to their own healthcare needs.
• Respite is limited to 5 consecutive days.
• The Hospice agency may provide respite in a variety of contracted settings (e.g. inpatient facility, local nursing home, etc)

3. General Inpatient Hospice Care (GIHC)

The MHB provides for care to be provided in an acute care hospital or other setting where intensive nursing and other support is available outside of the home. Criteria for this level of care include:

• Uncontrolled distressing physical symptoms (e.g. uncontrolled pain, intractable nausea, respiratory distress, severe wounds, etc)
• Psychosocial problems (e.g. unsafe home environment; imminent death where family can no longer cope at home).
• GIHC may be provided in a variety of settings
• Dedicated inpatient hospice facilities, where the patient is cared for by dedicated hospice staff;
• Contract beds, where the facility (hospital/nursing home) staff provides routine care, with supplemental services provided by hospice personnel.

4. Continuous Home Care

For hospice patients who qualify for GIHC, but desire to remain in their own home, continuous care (CC) intends to support the patient and their caregiver through brief periods of crisis.

• CC provides care for 8-24 hours a day.
• Home health aide and homemaker services or both may be used to cover the care needs.
• Care must be primarily provided (more than 50%) by an LPN or RN.

Under the MHB patients may be admitted into a hospice program at any level of care as determined by their individual needs and the patient may transfer between the levels of care as needed. For patients whose hospice care is covered by a pay source other than Medicare, there may be limitations or specifications for the different levels of care.

References

• NHPCO Facts & Figures. Available at NHPCO website: http://www.nhpco.org/files/public/facts%20figures%20feb04.pdf.
• Kinzbrunner BM, et al. 20 Common Problems in End-of-Life Care. Mc-Graw Hill, 2002.
• Code of Federal Regulations, Title 42 – Public Health. Chapter IV – Health Care Financing Administration, Department of Health and Human Services. Subchapter B – Medicare Program, Part 418 – Hospice Care

Copyright/Referencing Information : Users are free to download and distribute Fast Facts for educational purposes only. Citation for referencing: Friedman T. Medicare Hospice Benefit: Levels of Care. August 2005. End-of-Life / Palliative Education Resource Center www.eperc.mcw.edu.

Fast Facts were edited by David Weissman MD, Palliative Care Center, Medical College of Wisconsin until January 2007.  For comments/questions write to the current editor, Drew Rosielle MD: drosiell@mcw.edu. The complete set of Fast Facts is available at EPERC: www.eperc.mcw.edu

Disclaimer: Fast Facts provide educational information, this information is not medical advice. Health care providers should exercise their own independent clinical judgment. Some Fast Fact information cites the use of a product in dosage, for an indication, or in a manner other than that recommended in the product labeling. Accordingly, the official prescribing information should be consulted before any such product is used.

Creation Date: 8/2005

Purpose: Self-Study Guide, Teaching

Audience(s)

ACGME Competencies: Systems based practice

Keyword(s): Ethics, law, policy, health systems